“ Ltd. was the world's largest telecom equipment maker in 2012 and China's largest telephone-network equipment
maker. Since the United States Entity List of May
2019 barred American software technology companies from supplying ERP systems
to Huawei prompted the company to develop an in-house ERP system for the next following
three years. As of 2023, telecoms-network equipment remains
Huawei's core area of business, which constituted half of its revenues for the year.
Export controls, trade, sanctions, "and other national security-related topics" were listed on disclosure filings,
according to Politico. Academics Kunyuan Qiao of Cornell University
and Christopher Marquis of the University of Cambridge likewise conclude
that Huawei is a private company owned collectively by its employees and is neither owned nor controlled
directly by the Chinese government.
Per an August 2023 decree on 5G network development,
Costa Rica barred firms from all countries that have not signed the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime.
The ban, originally announced in 2020 following US pressure, calls for the phasing out of all Huawei gear from UK's
5G network by the end of 2027, which remains unchanged.
The ban followed years of lobbying from the US, part of the Five Eyes intelligence
alliance that also includes Australia, Canada, New
Zealand, and the UK. ”